Hank Murrow on sat 28 jun 03
On Saturday, June 28, 2003, at 02:44 PM, Paul Lewing wrote:
> Anybody know anything about attapulgite clay? I always thought
> Kaopectate
> was made from plain old kaolin, and I've even been told it's EPK.
> True?
>
Dear Paul;
My art restoration friend says that attapulgite kaolin has a magnesium
component in the clay lattice, and that he uses it (as the greeks did)
as a poultice for cleaning and restoring marble. There is some mined
very near the EPK mines. Florida/Georgia seem to be a locus for this
mineral.
Cheers, Hank in Eugene
Paul Lewing on sat 28 jun 03
Here's an item I found in the Seattle Times yesterday, edited a bit:
"Diarrhea-medicine maker will alter ingredients"
"The makers of Kaopectate agreed yesterday to reformulate all their
antidiarrhea products so they no longer contain potentially harmful levels
of lead.
The state (California) had alleged that thee company was violating
Proposition 65, which requires companies to warn people when they may be
exposed to chemicals known to cause cancer or birth defects.
Sold for a half-century, Koopectate is made with attapulgite clay, which
naturally contains high levels of lead..."
Anybody know anything about attapulgite clay? I always thought Kaopectate
was made from plain old kaolin, and I've even been told it's EPK. True?
Paul Lewing, Seattle
Edouard Bastarache on sun 29 jun 03
Polygorskite (Attapulgite)
Authors:
Anonymous
Source: TA:IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of
chemicals to humans PG:245-66 YR:1997 IP: VI:68
Abstract:
Exposure data. Palygorskite is a hydrated magnesium aluminium silicate,
which occurs as a fibrous chain-structure mineral in clay deposits in
several areas of the world. There is a major deposit of commercial
importance in the United States. Palygorskite fibre characteristics vary
with the source, but fibre lengths in commercial samples are generally less
than 5 um. Palygorskite has been mined since the 1930s and is used mainly as
an absorbent for pet wastes and oils and greases and as a component of
drilling muds. Occupational exposure to palygorskite occurs during its
mining, milling, production and use. General population exposures also may
occur in its use as pet waste absorbent, in fertilizers and pesticides and
by ingestion of antidiarrhoeal preparations.
Human carcinogenicity data. A single cohort study of palygorskite
(attapulgite) miners and millers was available. It showed small excesses of
mortality from lung cancer and stomach cancer, but no indications of any
exposure-response for either cancer.
Animal carcinogenicity data. Samples of palygorskite from different regions
vary considerably with regard to their fibre lengths. Results of studies in
experimental animals suggest that carcinogenicity is dependent on the
proportion of long fibres (> 5 um) in the samples. In one inhalation study
in rats with palygorskite from Leicester, United Kingdom, in which about 20%
of the fibres were longer than 6 um, bronchoalveolar hyperplasia and a few
benign and malignant alveolar tumours and mesotheliomas were observed. The
same sample induced a high incidence of pleural mesotheliomas in rats after
intrapleural administration. One sample from Torrejon, Spain, in which 0.5%
of the fibres were longer than 6 um, produced a significant increase in the
incidence of pleural mesotheliomas after intrapleural injection. In rats,
intraperitoneal injection of a palygorskite sample (of unspecified origin
and in which 30% of the fibres were longer than 5 um) produced a high
incidence of malignant abdominal tumours. A sample from Caceres, Spain, in
which 3% of the fibres were longer than 5 um, induced malignant abdominal
tumours in rats after intraperitoneal injection. Several studies involving
exposures of rats by inhalation, intrapleural or intraperitoneal injection
using samples originating from Lebrija (Spain), Mormoiron (France) and
Attapulgus (GA, United States) employed materials with relatively short
fibres (< 0.5% were longer or equal to 5 um). In these studies, no
significant increase in the incidence of tumours was observed. Other
relevant data. Intratracheal instillation studies with palygorskite
(attapulgite) fibres in sheep demonstrated significant and sustained
inflammatory changes as measured in bronchoalveolar ravage fluids. These
effects were mild compared to UICC chrysotile B but comparable to short
chrysotile fibres. Intratracheal instillation studies in rats demonstrated
that palygorskite (attapulgite) was less active than short chrysotile, UICC
chrysotile B or aluminium silicate fibres but was more active than calcium
silicate fibres. In-vitro studies have indicated that palygorskite can be
toxic to mouse peritoneal and rat and rabbit alveolar macrophages. In a
single study, palygorskite did not show evidence for induction of sister
chromatic exchange in rat pleural mesothelial cells.
Evaluation. There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity
of palygorskite (attapulgite). There is sufficient evidence in experimental
animals for the carcinogenicity of long palygorskite (attapulgite) fibres (>
5 um). There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the
carcinogenicity of short palygorskite (attapulgite) fibres (< 5 um). Overall
evaluation. Long palygorskite (attapulgite) fibres (> 5 um) are possibly
carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). Short palygorskite (attapulgite) fibres
(< 5 um) cannot be classified as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group
3).
Later,
"Ils sont fous ces Quebecois"
Edouard Bastarache
Irreductible Quebecois
Indomitable Quebeker
Sorel-Tracy
Quebec
edouardb@sorel-tracy.qc.ca
http://sorel-tracy.qc.ca/~edouardb/
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/smart2000/index.htm
Edouard Bastarache on sun 29 jun 03
Hello Paul,
I searched a few datebases last night before retiring and tested the
relationship
between attapulgite and lead and did not find anything:
1-National Library of Medicine,
2-Nioshtic=Niosh's database
I looked in Quebec's Exposure Limits manual and lead was not mentioned
as a problem in attapulgite.
I searched Google for a very short period of time and found a supplier
offering attapulgite in which lead was not detectable:
http://www.cnhymc.com/e_concavity.htm
"Such heavy metals as arsenic, lead and mercury are not detectable in the
attapulgite clay product, while total iron, sulfates, chlorides, nitrites,
etc. are within the limits called for by the standards for processing
adjuvant concerned." (Jiangsu Prouinge Huaiyuan Mining Co.,Ltd.)
But, I found this: "The key ingredient in Kaopectate had been a substance
called attapulgite clay that contains large amounts of lead. Pharmacia has
agreed to completely remove the attapulgite from its product and replace it
with bizmuth subsalicylate, found in the competing product Pepto-Bismol." in
the Monterey Herald.
-
But, children with flu or chicken pox should not be given bismuth
subsalicylate. It can lead to Reye's syndrome, a life-threatening condition
that affects the liver and central nervous system. To be safe, never give
bismuth subsalicylate to a child under 16 years without consulting a
physician.
So, I presume the amount of lead in attapulgite clays varies from deposit to
deposit.
We can not generalize that lead in these clays poses a threat before
measuring it.
Later,
"Ils sont fous ces Quebecois"
Edouard Bastarache
Irreductible Quebecois
Indomitable Quebeker
Sorel-Tracy
Quebec
edouardb@sorel-tracy.qc.ca
http://sorel-tracy.qc.ca/~edouardb/
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/smart2000/index.htm
2-
Ron Roy on mon 30 jun 03
I believe what Paul said applied to the lead part - which is classified as
a probable human carcinogen and a hazard to reproductive capabilities of
both females and males.
Not to mention all the other systemic toxic affects.
It's not that I don't believe there was lead in Kaopectate - what I can't
believe is why it was allowed to be there in the first place.
RR
>I searched a few datebases last night before retiring and tested the
>relationship
>between attapulgite and lead and did not find anything:
>1-National Library of Medicine,
>2-Nioshtic=Niosh's database
>
>I looked in Quebec's Exposure Limits manual and lead was not mentioned
>as a problem in attapulgite.
>
>I searched Google for a very short period of time and found a supplier
>offering attapulgite in which lead was not detectable:
>
>http://www.cnhymc.com/e_concavity.htm
>
>"Such heavy metals as arsenic, lead and mercury are not detectable in the
>attapulgite clay product, while total iron, sulfates, chlorides, nitrites,
>etc. are within the limits called for by the standards for processing
>adjuvant concerned." (Jiangsu Prouinge Huaiyuan Mining Co.,Ltd.)
>
>But, I found this: "The key ingredient in Kaopectate had been a substance
>called attapulgite clay that contains large amounts of lead. Pharmacia has
>agreed to completely remove the attapulgite from its product and replace it
>with bizmuth subsalicylate, found in the competing product Pepto-Bismol." in
>the Monterey Herald.
>-
>But, children with flu or chicken pox should not be given bismuth
>subsalicylate. It can lead to Reye's syndrome, a life-threatening condition
>that affects the liver and central nervous system. To be safe, never give
>bismuth subsalicylate to a child under 16 years without consulting a
>physician.
>
>So, I presume the amount of lead in attapulgite clays varies from deposit to
>deposit.
>We can not generalize that lead in these clays poses a threat before
>measuring it.
>
>
>Later,
>
>
>
>"Ils sont fous ces Quebecois"
>Edouard Bastarache
>Irreductible Quebecois
>Indomitable Quebeker
>Sorel-Tracy
>Quebec
>edouardb@sorel-tracy.qc.ca
>http://sorel-tracy.qc.ca/~edouardb/
>http://perso.wanadoo.fr/smart2000/index.htm
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>2-
>
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Ron Roy
RR#4
15084 Little Lake Road
Brighton, Ontario
Canada
K0K 1H0
Phone: 613-475-9544
Fax: 613-475-3513
John Baymore on tue 1 jul 03
Edouard,
So, I presume the amount of lead in attapulgite clays varies from deposit=
to
deposit. We can not generalize that lead in these clays poses a threat
before
measuring it.
Yup.... like any naturally occuring raw material. As they say "...your
results may vary....."
And California's standard for lead is MUCH lower than the general US
standards.... so that is likely a factor here too.
best,
.......................john
John Baymore
River Bend Pottery
22 Riverbend Way
Wilton, NH 03086-5812 USA
JBaymore@compuserve.com
http:\\www.JohnBaymore.com
603-654-2752 (studio)
800-900-1110 (studio)
"Earth, Water, and Fire Noborigama Woodfiring Workshop: August 15 -24,
2003"
Edouard Bastarache on tue 1 jul 03
God knows !!!
"what I can't believe is why it was allowed to be there in the first place.
RR"
"Ils sont fous ces Quebecois"
Edouard Bastarache
Irreductible Quebecois
Indomitable Quebeker
Sorel-Tracy
Quebec
edouardb@sorel-tracy.qc.ca
http://sorel-tracy.qc.ca/~edouardb/
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/smart2000/index.htm
Edouard Bastarache on tue 1 jul 03
John,
right.
There are deposits of attapulgite throughout the world.
Later,
"Ils sont fous ces Quebecois"
Edouard Bastarache
Irreductible Quebecois
Indomitable Quebeker
Sorel-Tracy
Quebec
edouardb@sorel-tracy.qc.ca
http://sorel-tracy.qc.ca/~edouardb/
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/smart2000/index.htm
.com.
Edouard Bastarache on tue 1 jul 03
"I believe what Paul said applied to the lead part - which is classified as
a probable human carcinogen....."
RR"
I looked in Quebec's Exposure Limits Manual and only Lead Chromate has a C2
designation (probable human carcinogen), expressed as Cr. for Chromium.
In occurs naturally as the minerals Crocoite and Phoenicohroite
I am wondering how it would occur naturally in attapulgite.
Moreovere, attapulgite has "per se" a C1 designation,
( confirmed carcinogen to humans)
Later,
"Ils sont fous ces Quebecois"
Edouard Bastarache
Irreductible Quebecois
Indomitable Quebeker
Sorel-Tracy
Quebec
edouardb@sorel-tracy.qc.ca
http://sorel-tracy.qc.ca/~edouardb/
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/smart2000/index.htm
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